Resistance Mechanisms

Beta-lactamase or carbapenemase resistance mechanisms are tested by PCR.

• Pneumonia
• Bacteraemia
• Meningitis
• Urinary tract infection
• Wound

Pure culture.

N/A

Send cultures as growth on culture medium or in transport medium. Culture vessel should be leak-proof or sealed appropriately.

Shipping of specimens shall be done by a TDG certified individual in accordance with TDG regulations. For additional information regarding classification of specimens for the purposes of shipping, consult either Part 2 Appendix 3 of the TDG Regulations or section 3.6.2 of the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations as applicable.

N/A

Completed Antimicrobial Resistance and Nosocomial Infections Requisition.

Gram negative organisms may include but are not limited to: most Enterobacterales, Acinetobacter sp., and Pseudomonas sp.

PCR based method. Results are compared to known standards. Beta-lactamases tested: blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaOXA-1, blaFRI. AmpC tested: blaCMY-2. Carbapenemases tested: blaKPC, blaIMP, blaVIM, blaNDM, blaGES, blaOXA-48, blaNMC/IMI. In addition, the following colistin resistance genes are tested: mcr1/2, mcr-3.

6 calendar days.

1. Mataseje LF, et al 2016. Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Canada: Results from the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program, 2010-2014. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. pii: AAC.01359-16.
2. Liu Y-Y, Wang Y, Walsh TR, Yi L-X, Zhang R, Spencer J, Doi Y, Tian G, Dong B, Hunag X, Yu L-F, Gu D, Ren H, Chen X, Lv L, He D, Zhou H, Liang Z, Liu J-H, Shen J. 2015. Emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism MCR-1 in animals and human beings in China: a microbiological and molecular study. Lancet Infect Dis; dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00424-7.

Canadian recommendations for laboratory interpretation of multiple or extensive drug resistance in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa